what organ system does the testis vas deferens and urethra belong to
| Vas deferens | |
|---|---|
 Male Anatomy | |
 Vertical section of the testis, to show | |
| Details | |
| Precursor | Wolffian duct |
| Artery | Superior vesical avenue, artery of the ductus deferens |
| Lymph | External iliac lymph nodes, internal iliac lymph nodes |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | Vas deferens (plural: vasa deferentia), Ductus deferens (plural: ductus deferentes) |
| MeSH | D014649 |
| TA98 | A09.3.05.001 |
| TA2 | 3621 |
| FMA | 19234 |
| Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata] | |
3D Medical Illustration showing vas deferens.
The vas deferens, or ductus deferens, is part of the male reproductive system of many vertebrates. The ducts transport sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts in apprehension of ejaculation. The vas deferens is a partially coiled tube which exits the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.
Etymology [edit]
Vas deferens is Latin, meaning "carrying-away vessel"; the plural version is vasa deferentia. Ductus deferens is as well Latin, meaning "carrying-away duct"; the plural version is ductus deferentes.
Structure [edit]
There are two vasa deferentia, connecting the left and right epididymis with the seminal vesicles to form the ejaculatory duct in order to movement sperm. In humans, each tube is about xxx centimeters (ane ft) long, 3 to five mm (0.118 to 0.197 inches) in diameter and is muscular (surrounded by shine muscle). Its epithelium is pseudostratified columnar epithelium lined by stereocilia.
They are role of the spermatic cords.[1]
Blood supply [edit]
The vas deferens is supplied by an accompanying artery (artery of vas deferens). This artery commonly arises from the superior (sometimes inferior) vesical artery, a branch of the internal iliac avenue.
Nerve supply [edit]
The vas deferens is innervated by a variety of different types of nervus ending.[2] Adrenergic synapses are found in the shine muscle layers.[ii] Cholinergic synapses and vasoactive abdominal peptide synapses are found in the connective tissue of the mucosa.[two] Noradrenergic synapses may too be present in the vas deferens.[iii]
Function [edit]
During ejaculation, the smooth muscle in the walls of the vas deferens contracts reflexively, thus propelling the sperm forward. This is also known every bit peristalsis.[4] The sperm is transferred from each vas deferens into the urethra, partially mixing with secretions from the male accessory sex glands such as the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and the bulbourethral glands, which course the bulk of semen.
Clinical significance [edit]
Contraception [edit]
A vasectomy is a method of contraception in which the vasa deferentia are permanently cut, though in some cases it tin exist reversed. A modern variation, which is also known as a vasectomy even though information technology does not include cutting the vas, involves injecting an obstructive material into the ductus to block the menstruation of sperm.
Investigational attempts for male contraception have focused on the vas with the use of the intra vas device and reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance.
Disease [edit]
The vas deferens may be obstructed, or it may be completely absent in a condition known every bit congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD, a potential feature of cystic fibrosis), causing male infertility. Acquired obstructions tin can occur due to infections. To care for these causes of male infertility, sperm tin be harvested by testicular sperm extraction (TESE), microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA), or other methods of collecting sperm cells directly from the testicle or epididymis.
Uses in pharmacology and physiology [edit]
The vas deferens has a dumbo sympathetic innervation,[5] making it a useful system for studying sympathetic nerve office and for studying drugs that alter neurotransmission.[six]
Information technology has been used:
- equally a bioassay for the discovery of enkephalins, the endogenous opiates.[7]
- to demonstrate quantal transmission from sympathetic nerve terminals.[8]
- equally the first direct measure of free Ca2+ concentration in a postganglionic nervus terminal.[nine]
- to develop an optical method for monitoring packeted transmission (similar to quantal transmission).[ten]
Other animals [edit]
Most vertebrates have some class of duct to transfer the sperm from the testes to the urethra. In cartilaginous fish and amphibians, sperm is carried through the archinephric duct, which also partially helps to send urine from the kidneys. In teleosts, in that location is a singled-out sperm duct, separate from the ureters, and often called the vas deferens, although probably not truly homologous with that in humans.[11] The vas deferens loops over the ureter in placental mammals, but not in marsupial mammals.[12] [13]
In cartilaginous fishes, the part of the archinephric duct closest to the testis is coiled upwardly to grade an epididymis. Below this are a number of small glands secreting components of the seminal fluid. The final portion of the duct besides receives ducts from the kidneys in most species.[11]
In amniotes, however, the archinephric duct has become a true vas deferens, and is used only for conducting sperm, never urine. As in cartilaginous fish, the upper part of the duct forms the epididymis. In many species, the vas deferens ends in a pocket-sized sac for storing sperm.[11]
The but vertebrates to lack whatever structure resembling a vas deferens are the archaic jawless fishes, which release sperm straight into the body crenel, and then into the surrounding water through a simple opening in the trunk wall.[11]
Boosted images [edit]
-
Male reproductive system.
-
Coronal department of pelvis, showing arrangement of fasciae. Viewed from backside.
-
The relations of the femoral and abdominal inguinal rings, seen from within the abdomen. Correct side.
-
The spermatic cord in the inguinal canal.
-
Fundus of the bladder with the vesiculae seminales.
-
Vertical section of bladder, penis, and urethra.
-
Prostate with seminal vesicles and seminal ducts, viewed from in front and above.
-
Prostate
-
Microscopic cross section.
-
Testis, spermatic vessels and vas deferens
-
A deep dissection showing the vas deferens.
See also [edit]
- Intra vas device
- Excretory duct of seminal gland
- Vas deferens in the reproductive system of gastropods
References [edit]
- ^ Dr C Sharath Kumar, Ph D Thesis, Academy of Mysore, 2013
- ^ a b c Alm, Per (1982-07-01). "On the autonomic innervation of the human vas deferens". Brain Inquiry Bulletin. Elsevier. 9 (1–6): 673–677. doi:ten.1016/0361-9230(82)90172-1. ISSN 0361-9230. PMID 6184134. S2CID 4761228.
- ^ Mirabella, Nicola; Squillacioti, Caterina; Varricchio, Ettore; Genovese, Angelo; Paino, Giuseppe (2003-05-01). "Innervation of vas deferens and accessory male person genital glands in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): Neurochemical characteristics and relationships to the reproductive activity". Theriogenology. 59 (9): 1999–2016. doi:10.1016/S0093-691X(02)01260-8. ISSN 0093-691X. PMID 12600736 – via Elsevier.
- ^ Berridge, Michael J. (2008). "Smooth musculus jail cell calcium activation mechanisms". The Journal of Physiology. 586 (21): 5047–5061. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2008.160440. PMC2652144. PMID 18787034.
- ^ Sjöstrand, Northward.O. (1965). "The adrenergic innervation of the vas deferens and the accessory male person genital organs". Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 257: S1–82.
- ^ Burnstock, G; Verkhratsky, A (2010). "Vas deferens--a model used to establish sympathetic cotransmission". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 31 (3): 131–9. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2009.12.002. PMID 20074819.
- ^ Hughes, J; Smith, T. Westward.; Kosterlitz, H. W.; Fothergill, L. A.; Morgan, B. A.; Morris, H. R. (1975). "Identification of 2 related pentapeptides from the brain with stiff opiate agonist activeness". Nature. 258 (5536): 577–eighty. Bibcode:1975Natur.258..577H. doi:x.1038/258577a0. PMID 1207728. S2CID 95411.
- ^ Brock, J. A.; Cunnane, T. C. (1987). "Relationship between the nervus activity potential and transmitter release from sympathetic postganglionic nerve terminals". Nature. 326 (6113): 605–7. Bibcode:1987Natur.326..605B. doi:10.1038/326605a0. PMID 2882426. S2CID 4303337.
- ^ Brain, K. Fifty.; Bennett, Grand. R. (1997). "Calcium in sympathetic varicosities of mouse vas deferens during facilitation, augmentation and autoinhibition". The Journal of Physiology. 502 (3): 521–36. doi:ten.1111/j.1469-7793.1997.521bj.x. PMC1159525. PMID 9279805.
- ^ Brain, K. 50.; Jackson, 5. M.; Trout, S. J.; Cunnane, T. C. (2002). "Intermittent ATP release from nervus terminals elicits focal smooth muscle Ca2+ transients in mouse vas deferens". The Journal of Physiology. 541 (Pt iii): 849–62. doi:x.1113/jphysiol.2002.019612. PMC2290369. PMID 12068045.
- ^ a b c d Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 393–395. ISBN978-0-03-910284-5.
- ^ C. Hugh Tyndale-Biscoe (2005). Life of Marsupials. Csiro Publishing. ISBN978-0-643-06257-iii.
- ^ Patricia J. Armati; Chris R. Dickman; Ian D. Hume (17 August 2006). Marsupials. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-ane-139-45742-two.
External links [edit]
- Anatomy photo:36:07-0301 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Heart—"Inguinal Region, Scrotum and Testes: Layers of the Spermatic Cord"
- Anatomy photograph:44:02-0301 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center—"The Male Pelvis: Distribution of the Peritoneum in the Male person Pelvis"
- MedicalMnemonics.com: 2424 319 [ dead link ]
- Cross section image: pelvis/pelvis-e12-15—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
- inguinalregion at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown Academy) (testes)
weisgerberworters.blogspot.com
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vas_deferens
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